ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behaviors and interests, present from early childhood. It was first described in 1943, but for decades it was considered a rare condition. From the 70s and 80s, diagnoses began to increase thanks to changes in clinical criteria and greater public awareness.
Currently it is estimated that around 0.77% of the world's children have ASD (approximately 1 in 130). In the United States prevalence reaches 2.8% of 8-year-old children, followed by European countries such as Sweden (~3.6%) and Australia. Other countries such as Japan (1.34%) and South Korea (~1.28%) also show significant rates.
ASD is diagnosed more in boys than in girls (approx. 3:1). The first indicator usually appears around 2-3 years of age, although with screening it can be identified earlier. The prevalence in adults is lower, as many mild cases were not detected during their growth.
There is no single cure for ASD; management is multidisciplinary. Early behavioral and educational therapies (ABA, Denver Model) are fundamental: they improve communication, social interaction and independence. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis.
The diagnosis creates a high emotional and financial burden. Families face complex schedules, school adaptations and continuous care. External support —support groups and parent training— is key to improving the family environment.